Fanatisme Sepakbola Indonesia dan Solidaritas Palestina: Analisis Wacana Kritis terhadap Standar Ganda FIFA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53398/alamin.v3i2.541Keywords:
Football Fanaticism, Palestinian Solidarity, Collective Identity, Double Standards, Critical DiscourseAbstract
The phenomenon of football supporters reflects dynamic processes of identity, solidarity, and political expression within contemporary public spaces. This study aims to analyze how symbols, chants, and collective actions shape shared meanings of togetherness and resistance among supporters. The research employs a qualitative approach using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) of supporter expressions in stadiums and on social media. The findings show that supporter expressions construct a narrative of global solidarity through symbols of resistance, rhetoric of brotherhood, and collective practices that transcend local identity boundaries. In conclusion, supporter culture functions as a cultural practice that produces broader social meaning beyond entertainment, serving as a medium for articulating political and cultural identities in the global context
References
Abeza, Gashaw. 2023. “Social Media and Sport Studies (2014–2023): A Critical Review.” International Journal of Sport Communication 16 (3): 251–261. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2023-0182. Semantic Scholar
Allison, Lincoln, and Terry Monnington. 2002. “Sport, Prestige and International Relations.” Government and Opposition 37 (1): 106–134. https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-7053.00089.
Anderson, Benedict. 2006. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. Revised ed. London: Verso.
Appadurai, Arjun. 1990. “Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy.” Theory, Culture & Society 7 (2): 295–310. https://doi.org/10.1177/026327690007002017.
Bellah, Robert N. 1975. The Broken Covenant: American Civil Religion in Time of Trial. New York: Seabury Press.
Billig, Michael. 1995. Banal Nationalism. London: SAGE.
Black, David, and Janis Van der Westhuizen. 2004. “The Allure of Global Games for ‘Semi-Peripheral’ Polities and Spaces: A Research Agenda.” Third World Quarterly 25 (7): 1195–1214. https://doi.org/10.1080/014365904200281259.
Blackwell.Goffman, Erving. 1967. Interaction Ritual: Essays on Face-to-Face Behavior. Garden City, NY: Anchor Books.
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1978. “Sport and Social Class.” Social Science Information 17 (6): 819–840.
Fairclough, Norman. 1992. Discourse and Social Change. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Brannagan, Paul Michael, and Richard Giulianotti. 2015. “Soft Power and Soft Disempowerment: Qatar, the Qatar World Cup 2022 and International Sport Diplomacy.” International Affairs 91 (5): 1139–1154. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.12436.
Braun, Virginia, dan Victoria Clarke. 2024. “A Critical Review of the Reporting of Reflexive Thematic Analysis in Health Promotion International.” Health Promotion International 39 (3): daae049. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daae049. PMC
Castells, Manuel. 2009. Communication Power. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Cha, Victor D. 2009. “A Theory of Sport and Politics.” The International Journal of the History of Sport 26 (11): 1581–1610. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523360903115407.
Dimeo, Paul, and James A. Mangan. “Sport and the Global South: Critical Issues and New Directions.” Sport in Society 25, no. 8 (2022): 1423–1439. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2021.1958463.
Doehler, Steph. 2024. “‘Your Analysis Is as Useless as Your Ovaries’: Women Football Fans’ Experiences on Social Media.” Communication & Sport. https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795241292718. SAGE Journals
Doidge, Mark. “Football and Refugees: Resistance, Integration and Identity.” Soccer & Society 21, no. 1 (2020): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2018.1556777.
Dorsey, James M. 2016. The Turbulent World of Middle East Soccer. London: Hurst.
Durkheim, Émile. 1995. The Elementary Forms of Religious Life. Translated by Karen E. Fields. New York: The Free Press.
Elias, Norbert, and Eric Dunning. 1986. Quest for Excitement: Sport and Leisure in the Civilizing Process. Oxford: Basil
Evans, Adam B., dkk. 2021. “Qualitative Research in Sports Studies.” European Journal for Sport and Society 18 (2): 95–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2021.1899969. Taylor & Francis Online
García, Beatriz, and Ramón Llopis-Goig. “Sport and Social Movements: From the Local to the Global.” International Review for the Sociology of Sport 57, no. 6 (2022): 783–801. https://doi.org/10.1177/10126902211065352.
Geertz, Clifford. 1973. The Interpretation of Cultures. New York: Basic Books.
Giulianotti, Richard. 1999. Football: A Sociology of the Global Game. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Giulianotti, Richard, and Roland Robertson. 2009. Globalization and Football. London: SAGE.
Graf, E. M. 2023. “The Language and Discourse(s) of Football. Interdisciplinary and Cross-Modal Perspectives: Introduction to the Thematic Issue.” Soccer & Society. https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2023.2250658. Taylor & Francis Online
Gramsci, Antonio. 1971. Selections from the Prison Notebooks. Edited and translated by Quintin Hoare and Geoffrey Nowell Smith. New York: International Publishers.
Grix, Jonathan, and Donna Lee. 2013. “Soft Power, Sports Mega-Events and Emerging States: The Lure of the ‘Global East.’” Global Society 27 (4): 521–536. https://doi.org/10.1080/13600826.2013.827632.
Guschwan, Matthew. “The Political Potential of Football Supporters’ Culture.” Sport in Society 23, no. 6 (2020): 903–919. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2020.1714531.
Habermas, Jürgen. 1989. The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Hadiz, Vedi R. 2016. Islamic Populism in Indonesia and the Middle East. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hall, Stuart. 1990. “Cultural Identity and Diaspora.” In Identity: Community, Culture, Difference, edited by Jonathan Rutherford, 222–237. London: Lawrence & Wishart.
Harrington, Courtney. 2024. “Making Ethical Judgement Calls about Qualitative Social Media Research.” International Journal of Social Research Methodology. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2024.2393796. Taylor & Francis Online
Hefner, Robert W. 2000. Civil Islam: Muslims and Democratization in Indonesia. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Hobsbawm, Eric. 1990. Nations and Nationalism since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Horne, John, Alan Tomlinson, and Garry Whannel. 2013. Understanding Sport: An Introduction to the Sociological and Cultural Analysis of Sport. London: Routledge.
Ishac, Wassim, dkk. 2024. “Leveraging Sentiment Analysis of Arabic Tweets for the 2022 FIFA World Cup.” Journal of Global Sport Management. https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2024.2342258. Taylor & Francis Online
Keck, Margaret E., and Kathryn Sikkink. 1999. “Transnational Advocacy Networks in International and Regional Politics.” International Social Science Journal 51 (159): 89–101. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2451.00179.
Maguire, Joseph. 1999. Global Sport: Identities, Societies, Civilizations. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Manzenreiter, Wolfram. 2010. “The Beijing Games in the Western Imagination of China: The Weak Power of Soft Power.” Journal of Sport and Social Issues 34 (1): 29–48. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193723509358968.
Merkel, Udo. “Football, Politics and Popular Culture in East Asia.” Soccer & Society 22, no. 4 (2021): 349–362. https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2020.1843421.
Murray, Stuart. 2012. “The Two Halves of Sports-Diplomacy.” Diplomacy & Statecraft 23 (3): 576–592. https://doi.org/10.1080/09592296.2012.706544.
Nabono Martins, Juliana, dkk. 2023. “A Critical Discourse Analysis of Fans’ Comments in Online Sports News about an Openly Gay Player in Brazilian Football.” International Review for the Sociology of Sport. https://doi.org/10.1177/10126902221107323.
Nye, Joseph S., Jr. 2004. “Soft Power and American Foreign Policy.” Political Science Quarterly 119 (2): 255–270. https://doi.org/10.2307/20202345.
Olmos-Vega, Fátima, dkk. 2023. “A Practical Guide to Reflexivity in Qualitative Research.” Medical Teacher 45 (4): 372–380. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2022.2057287. SAGE Knowledge
Said, Edward W. 1992. Culture and Imperialism. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Sandvoss, Cornel. “A Game of Two Halves: Football Fandom, Globalization and the Imagined Community.” Soccer & Society 21, no. 7 (2020): 768–782. https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2019.1680371.
Smith, Anthony D. 1991. National Identity. Reno, NV: University of Nevada Press.
Sveinson, Katherine, Larena Hoeber, dan Caroline Heffernan. 2021. “Critical Discourse Analysis as Theory, Methodology, and Analyses in Sport Management Studies.” Journal of Sport Management 35 (5): 465–475. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2020-0288. ablesci.com
Tarrow, Sidney. 2005. The New Transnational Activism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Tufekci, Zeynep. 2017. Twitter and Tear Gas: The Power and Fragility of Networked Protest. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Tian, Yu, Pengfei Yang, dan Desheng Zhang. 2023. “The Relationship between Media Use and Sports Participation Behavior: A Meta-Analysis.” Digital Health 9: 20552076231185476. https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076231185476. PMC
Turner, Victor. 1969. The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-Structure. Chicago: Aldine.
Vertovec, Steven. 1999. “Conceiving and Researching Transnationalism.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 22 (2): 447–462. https://doi.org/10.1080/014198799329558.
Wagner, Ulrik. 2024. “Analyzing Discourses and the Communication of Sport: A Scoping Review and Suggestions for Future Endeavors.” Communication & Sport. https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795231206309. SAGE Journals
Williams, Raymond. 1977. Marxism and Literature. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Wimmer, Andreas, and Nina Glick Schiller. 2002. “Methodological Nationalism and beyond: Nation–State Building, Migration and the Social Sciences.” Global Networks 2 (4): 301–334. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0374.00043.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Al-Amin: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan dan Sosial Humaniora
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.